A discussion on establishing a "loess-paleosol-hominin remains sequence" in the Chinese Loess Plateau

ZHU Zhaoyu; HUANG Weiwen

doi:10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2025.01.01

2025 Vol. 45, No. 1

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ZHU Zhaoyu, HUANG Weiwen. A discussion on establishing a 'loess-paleosol-hominin remains sequence' in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2025, 45(1): 1-13. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2025.01.01. CSTR: 32086.14.j.issn.1001-7410.2025.01.01

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ZHU Zhaoyu, HUANG Weiwen. A discussion on establishing a "loess-paleosol-hominin remains sequence" in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2025, 45(1): 1-13. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2025.01.01. CSTR: 32086.14.j.issn.1001-7410.2025.01.01

A discussion on establishing a "loess-paleosol-hominin remains sequence" in the Chinese Loess Plateau

ZHU Zhaoyu^1,2,,
HUANG Weiwen^2,3

1.
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
3.
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
Fund Project:
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号: 41977379、42494912和42472035)、中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素地球化学国家重点实验室项目(批准号: SKLaBIG-ZC-21-01)和中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室主任基金项目(批准号: SKLLQGZR1802)共同资助

Received Date: 28 October 2024

Revised Date: 18 November 2024

Publish Date: 30 January 2025

Abstract

Abstract

The scientific research into the correlation between the origin and evolution of human and the environmental evolution of the earth system is not only one of the key contents of the traditional Quaternary research, but also the primary issue in the study of Habitable Earth today.

Numerous sites of ancient human remains have been discovered in the Loess Plateau and its adjacent areas in China, among which important sites of ancient human fossils include "Lantian Man" and "Dali Man" in Shaanxi, "Dingcun Man" and "Xujiayao Man" in Shanxi, "Jingchuan Man" in Gansu, "Hetao Man" in Inner Mongolia and "Yunxian Man" in Hubei. Important Paleolithic sites include Lantian Basin, Hanzhong Basin and Luonan Basin in Shaanxi Province, Nihewan Basin in Hebei Province, Salawusu in Inner Mongolia, Shuidonggou in Ningxia, Dalingshang in Gansu Province, both sides of the Jin-Shan Gorge of the Yellow River, Shiyu, Xiachuan, Shizitan, Kehe and Xihoudu in Shanxi Province, Sanmenxia and Lushi Basins in Henan Province, etc. Most of the ancient human remains in these sites are buried in aeolian loess and paleosol layers and their related fluvial-lacustrine strata.

The study of aeolian loess in China reached the leading position in the world from the early 1980s to the early 21st century. The continuous and complete Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence in the Loess Plateau of China since about 2.6 Ma B.P. has become the best continental sedimentary correlation standard for global multi-cycle paleoclimatic cycles and events of glacial-interglacial periods. Once the loess-paleosol sequence was constructed, the idea of using the sequence to study the evolution of ancient humans began to emerge and gradually deepened. In 1984, Liu Tungsheng published "A tentative chronological correlation of early human fossil horizons in China with the loess-deep sea records". In 1999, Liu Tungsheng put forward the concepts of "Loess Lithic Industry" and "Loessic Geoarchaeological Belt". At the same time, scholars began the corresponding practical investigation and research.

For example, in 1984, An Zhisheng et al. for the first time used the method of loess-paleosol standard profile correlation in Luochuan and the new paleomagnetic dating technology to conduct detailed field investigation and stratigraphic division of Gongwangling and Chenjiawo fossil sites in Lantian, and dated their ages of 0.65~1.15 Ma B.P. Since the beginning of this century, the research team led by Lu Huayu and Wang Shejiang has discovered and studied a large number of Palaeolithic sites, which contain loess-paleosol strata and related river terrace deposits, in the intermountain basins and valley terraces on both sides of the East Qinling Mountains(mainly in the south). The age span is about 1.27~0.01 Ma B.P., which is equivalent to the L₁₅~L₁ horizon.

Since 2001, the research team composed by the author and Academician Robin Dennell of the University of Exeter have carried out field investigations and research in the Lantian area of the southern Loess Plateau for more than 20 years, and have mainly done three new works: Among them, the first one found that the fossil skull of Gongwangling Homo erectus in Lantian was buried under the obvious erosion surface of the strata, and its age was revised to 1.63 Ma B.P.; second, the paleolithic buried in the primary strata was found in the S₂₇~L₂₈ strata near the bottom of loess section in Shangchen Village of Lantian, with an oldest age of about 2.12 Ma B.P.; third, a new stratigraphic profile of continuous loess-paleosol sequence was discovered in Shangchen village of Lantian, covering the loess/paleosol layers from L₅ to L₂₈, and 21 layers containing different amounts of Paleolithic artefacts were found, with ages of about 0.45 Ma B.P. to 2.12 Ma B.P.

Based on the discovery of a large number of ancient human remains in Lantian area, especially in the area of Shangchen village, the author has produced a new scientific thought, namely: Using the unique "geosphere" advantage of the continuous sequence of loess in China, we can search for the continuous "sequence" traces of ancient human activities in the "biosphere", hereby to study the constraints and feedbacks of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution on the living environment of ancient human beings. Taking this scientific idea as the purpose, using the standard chronology frame scale of loess-paleosol sequence, and taking 26 loess-paleosol groups(including 21 paleosol layers and 15 loess layers) containing stone tools or hominin fossils from Shangchen, Gongwangling, Chenjiawo, Jijiawan-Ganyu-Diaozhai sections in Lantian area as the basic data, a framework of "loess-paleosol-hominin remains sequence" with a high resolution of about 2.12~0.01 Ma B.P. was initially constructed, hoping to expand a new way for the study of human evolution and loess environment.
- "loess-paleosol-hominin remains sequence" /
- chronology framework /
- Lantian Basin /
- Chinese Loess Plateau

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References

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