ENSO-like state in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the cold and warm periods of the galcial cycle since 450 ka

Liu Tianhao; Chang Fengming; Li Tiegang; Sun Hanjie; Cui Yikun; Wang Jia; Qian Fang

doi:10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2020.03.05

2020 Vol. 40, No. 3

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Liu Tianhao, Chang Fengming, Li Tiegang, Sun Hanjie, Cui Yikun, Wang Jia, Qian Fang. ENSO-like state in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the cold and warm periods of the galcial cycle since 450 ka[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2020, 40(3): 646-657. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2020.03.05

Citation:

Liu Tianhao, Chang Fengming, Li Tiegang, Sun Hanjie, Cui Yikun, Wang Jia, Qian Fang. ENSO-like state in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the cold and warm periods of the galcial cycle since 450 ka[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2020, 40(3): 646-657. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2020.03.05

ENSO-like state in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the cold and warm periods of the galcial cycle since 450 ka

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong
4.
Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong
5.
Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environment Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, Shandong
Fund Project:
国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41830539、41476041、41876041和41706040）、自然资源部"全球变化与海气相互作用"专项项目（批准号：GASI-GEOGE-04和GASI-GEOGE-06-02）、自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室开放基金项目（批准号：MASEG201901）和山东省"泰山学者"建设工程专项经费项目（批准号：TSQN20182117）共同资助

More Information

Corresponding authors: Chang Fengming, E-mail: chfm@qdio.ac.cn ; Li Tiegang, E-mail: tgli@fio.org.cn

Received Date: 16 November 2019

Revised Date: 15 February 2020

Publish Date: 30 May 2020

Abstract

Abstract

As the strongest inter-annual climate anomaly in modern times, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)process has a significant impact on the global climate and marine hydrological conditions. On the long-term scale, the ENSO-like transition of thermal state in the tropical Pacific may also have played an important role in the paleoclimatic evolution. Most of the existing studies on the tropical ENSO-like state are, however, limited to the last glacial period, and there are many significant disagreements among these available results derived from different proxies.
Site U1486, 211.2 m in length, was drilled within the Manus Basin, the central sector of the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP), at 02°22.34'S, 144°36.08'E in 1332 m of water during the International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)Expedition 363. The site is located ca. 150 km away from the Sepik River mouth in Papua New Guinea. The tectonic setting of this area was shaped by the oblique northward movement of the Australian plate as it rapidly converged with the Pacific plate. Site U1486 is situated in the North Bismarck microplate which is resulted from the tectonic movements.
In this study, the upper 31 m core composite depth below seafloor(CCSF)of Site U1486, with lithology dominated by white foraminifera-rich nannofossil ooze, was used to reconstruct the sea surface temperature(SST)based on δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca analyses of planktonic foraminifera Trilobatus sacculife, and thus to investigate the potential linkage between the warm/cold periods in the glacial/interglacial cycles and the tropical ENSO-like state in the WPWP since 450 ka. In more details, the age model was determined by 12 age tie points, derived from correlating the present δ¹⁸O curve with the standard LR04 stack as well as the last occurrence of Globigerinoides ruber(pink)with a well-known age(120 ka)in the west Pacific. In addition, the δ¹⁸O analysis was made on 335 subsamples, with sampling intervals of 10 cm and thus an average temporal resolution of 1.2 ka. Furthermore, a total of 455 subsamples were analyzed for the Mg/Ca ratio, with sampling intervals of 5-cm for the top 11 m and 10-cm for the rest section of the site.
The results indicate that the SST in the WPWP since 450 ka ranged between 25.3 ℃ and 30.8 ℃, with minimum and maximum value occurred at ca. 27.8 ka and 418.7 ka, respectively. The minimum SST at the site during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM, 23~19 ka)is nearly 2 ℃ lower than that during the Late Holocene(2~0 ka). By comparing the SST records derived from the cores located in the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)and the Eastern Pacific Cold Tongue(EPCT), it is found that the zonal temperature gradient of the tropical Pacific Ocean was more than 3 ℃, along with deeper thermocline in the WPWP, during the glacial periods. This is coincident with the SST records in other cores collected from the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean. In addition, larger zonal temperature gradients were recorded in the major stadials of interglacial periods(MIS 5b and MIS 7d). In contrast, the temperature gradients between the West and East Pacific Ocean decreased significantly during the deglacial periods(MIS 6/ 5, MIS 8/ 7 and MIS 10/ 9).
The patterns of the zonal temperature gradient across the tropical Pacific Ocean imply that the ocean conditions therein showed more La Niña-like states in the colder periods and more El Niño-like states during the warmer stages over the past few hundred thousand years. Nevertheless, the significant fluctuations in the zonal temperature gradient also indicate the instability of ENSO-like states in the tropical Pacific Ocean over a longer time-scale. When the earth-surface temperature rises, the rapid increase of water vapor concentration in the lower troposphere could weaken the mass exchange between the boundary layer and the troposphere, and thus slow down the zonal atmosphere circulation in the tropical Pacific Ocean that may result in a decreased zonal temperature gradient with a more El Niño-like state.
- Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) /
- sea surface temperature(SST) /
- temperature gradient /
- ENSO-like state

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References

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