AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN LOWER XIAJIADIAN CULTURE PERIOD OF THE CHENGZISHAN SITE, WEST LIAONING PROVINCE
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摘要: 以辽西城子山文化遗存剖面为研究对象,运用花粉、炭屑、炭化种子和果壳等指标,重建城子山地区夏家店下层文化期农业活动特征及环境效应。研究显示城子山原生植被主要为松属针叶林,先民采用"刀耕火种"农业模式毁林开荒,导致原生植被消失以及次生榛属灌丛和杂草增加。城子山剖面中禾本科花粉含量峰值与炭屑浓度峰值相对应,表明先民高强度或频度用火主要与农业活动有关。长期耕作活动造成土壤肥力下降,先民弃耕是后期农业活动衰弱的主要原因。城子山剖面记录的夏家店下层文化期农业活动可能经历了毁林开荒期、定居耕作期、弃耕期和原生植被恢复期4个阶段。Abstract: Lower Xiajiadian culture was a very important farming period in the archaeological culture series of West Liaoning Province. Chengzishan Site is situated in Sanguandianzi, Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province. The section we investigated, a 210cm deep section at an elevation of 553m at latitude 41°18'34.3″N, longitude 119°28'5.4″E, is located on the northeast part of the Chengzishan Site. We got a detailed record of agricultural activities and its impact on the environment in Lower Xiajiadian period through the notes of pollen,microcharcoal,charred seeds and nutshell.The record indicates that the original vegetation was coniferous forest dominated by Pinus; because of the 'slash-and-burn' cultivation,the original forest disappeared,meanwhile,the secondary Corylus sp.shrubs and anthropogenic weeds increased. The peaks of microcharcoal concentration followed by the peaks of Poaceae pollen percentage,show that the high intensity and frequency of fire was used for farming.Long term farming lead to the soil fertility decrease,and the weakness of agricultural activities was mainly caused by the abandoned cultivation in the later stage.Our research reveals that the agricultural activities of Lower Xiajiadian people in Chenzishan site experienced four stages: deforestation for farming,settlement and cultivation,abandonment of the cultivated land and restoration of original vegetation.
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Key words:
- Chengzishan Site /
- Lower Xiajiadian culture /
- agricultural activities /
- impact /
- pollen /
- charcoal
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