Crust-mantle structure of Tengchong volcanic area and its implication for magmatic systems
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摘要:
基于腾冲火山区31个地震台站记录到的远震和面波频散数据，采用多频接收函数H-κ叠加方法，与多频接收函数和面波联合反演方法，本文获得了研究区的地壳厚度、平均VP/VS以及S波速度. 结果表明，腾冲火山区地壳厚度与VP/VS分别在32.4 ~ 39 km和1.73 ~ 2.01范围内变化，平均值分别为35.86 km和1.86. 薄地壳和高VP/VS主要分布在腾冲断裂东边缘两个局部区域. S波速度在~10 km，~20 km，~30 km和~50 km深度附近存在大尺度的低速异常区，部分不同深度的低速体相互联通. 我们推测，幔源岩浆首先聚集在上地幔顶部，随后沿腾冲断裂带东缘的局部地区上涌至下地壳富集，再由不同通道依次向中地壳、上地壳迁移并持续富集，部分岩浆沿着多个通道在早晚更新世和全新世喷出地表，形成了腾冲火山区至今广泛分布的火山口.
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关键词:
- 腾冲火山区 /
- 地壳厚度与VP/VS /
- 低S波速度区域 /
- 岩浆上涌和运移 /
- 多频接收函数和面波联合反演
Abstract:Based on the teleseismic and surface wave dispersion data recorded by 31 seismic stations in the Tengchong volcanic area, and using the multi-frequency H-κ stacking of receiver function and the joint inversion of multi-frequency receiver function and surface wave data, we obtained crustal thicknesses, average VP/VS and S-wave velocities in the Tengchong volcanic area. The results show that the crustal thickness and VP/VS of the study region vary in the ranges of 32.4 ~ 39 km and 1.73 ~ 2.01, with the mean values of 35.86 km and 1.86, respectively. Thin crust and high VP/VS are mainly distributed in two localized areas along the eastern margin of the Tengchong Fault. Large-scale low-velocity anomalies are observed around the depths of ~10 km, ~20 km, ~30 km and ~50 km, with interconnected low-velocity bodies across these depth levels. We hypothesize that mantle-derived magma was initially enriched at the top of the upper mantle, subsequently upwelled to the lower crust through localized zones along the eastern margin of the Tengchong Fault with further enrichment, then migrated upward via distinct channels sequentially through the mid- to upper crust while undergoing continuous enrichment. Portions of the magma ultimately erupted to the surface through multiple conduits during the Early to Late Pleistocene and Holocene, forming the widely distributed craters still visible today in the Tengchong volcanic area.
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图 1
腾冲火山区地震台站、火山口和断层分布
Figure 1.
Distribution of seismic stations, craters and faults in the Tengchong volcanic area
图 2
远震事件的震中分布 (a)和单台接收函数叠加后的波形 (b, c, d)，G代表高斯系数
Figure 2.
(a) Distritribution of teleseismic event epicenters and (b, c, d) stacked single-station receiver function waveforms, G denotes the Gaussian coefficient
图 3
研究区典型台站s3和QKT在不同高斯系数(G)下按震中距排列的接收函数(a—c, g—i)以及相应的H-κ叠加结果(d—f, j—l)
Figure 3.
Receiver functions with different Gaussian coefficients (G) arranged by epicenter distance (a—c, g—i) and the corresponding H-κ superposition results (d—f, j—l) for typical stations s3 and QKT in the study area
图 4
台站LJZ和s3多频接收函数和面波联合反演结果(a—f)及不同初始模型和数据不确定性对台站s3联合反演结果的影响(g—l)
Figure 4.
Joint inversion results of multi-frequency receiver functions and surface wave data for stations LJZ and s3 (a—f) and effects of different initial models and data uncertainty on the inversion results for station s3 (g—l)
图 5
研究区台站下方不同高斯系数(G)有效的地壳厚度(H)及VP/VS (a—d),以及VP/VS-地壳厚度关系图(e)
Figure 5.
(a—d) Effective crustal thickness (H) and VP/VS for different Gaussian coefficients (G) below the stations in the study area, and (e) a plot of VP/VS-crustal thickness relationship
图 6
研究区单台下方S波速度和不同深度的S波速度分布
Figure 6.
The S-wave velocity beneath each station and S-wave velocity distribution at different depths in the study area
图 8
腾冲火山区壳幔结构和岩浆特征示意图
Figure 8.
Schematic diagram of crust-mantle structure and magmatic features in the Tengchong volcanic area
表 1
台站信息及各台得到的地壳厚度(H)和VP/VS (κ)
Table 1.
Station information and the crust thickness (H) and VP/VS (κ) for each station
台站 经度/(°E) 纬度/(°N) 接收函数数量 H (G=1.0)/km H (G=2.0)/km H (G=3.0)/km H/km κ (G=1.0) κ (G=2.0) κ (G=3.0) κ CZS 98.67 24.90 219 34.2 35.5 35.4 35.03 1.88 1.82 1.83 1.84 LYH 98.43 24.96 36 35.5 37.0 37.5 36.67 1.84 1.80 1.78 1.81 MGT 98.57 25.46 201 33.1 35.0 35.1 34.40 2.04 1.89 1.87 1.93 MIZ 98.42 25.13 423 34.6 35.7 35.6 35.30 1.96 1.91 1.92 1.93 MZT 98.49 25.21 550 34.1 32.3 32.4 32.93 1.96 1.97 1.96 1.96 QKT 98.33 25.22 535 37.1 37.4 37.4 37.30 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.80 RHT 98.44 24.95 450 36.4 36.9 36.8 36.70 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 RST 98.39 24.91 383 37.7 37.1 37.0 37.27 1.75 1.76 1.75 1.75 SBT 98.54 24.95 290 34.3 32.8 32.5 33.20 1.90 1.94 1.95 1.93 TCT 98.52 25.03 281 NAN 32.6 36.0 34.30 NAN 2.12 1.90 2.01 XHT 98.48 24.75 434 35.9 36.1 36.3 36.10 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 DYC 98.47 25.14 121 36.5 37.1 37.1 36.90 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.86 HSH 98.48 25.28 108 34.6 35.7 35.3 35.20 1.93 1.84 1.84 1.87 LJZ 98.46 25.06 71 40.1 38.5 38.4 39.00 1.70 1.81 1.82 1.78 RDS 98.48 25.25 103 33.9 31.3 32.1 32.43 1.96 1.99 1.96 1.97 SHZ 98.46 25.03 70 38.1 37.9 37.6 37.87 1.77 1.80 1.82 1.80 SJT 98.46 25.09 74 36.7 37.4 37.4 37.17 1.83 1.82 1.82 1.82 TZB 98.48 25.18 76 36.4 37.4 37.7 37.17 1.89 1.85 1.83 1.86 XHC 98.48 25.32 46 35.0 34.6 34.1 34.57 1.89 1.88 1.91 1.89 s1 98.50 25.20 16 33.8 37.1 37.5 36.13 2.00 1.87 1.85 1.91 s2 98.53 25.21 73 36.5 36.7 36.8 36.67 1.87 1.86 1.87 1.87 s3 98.48 25.20 62 32.9 34.2 33.3 33.47 2.03 1.96 1.97 1.99 s4 98.47 25.22 77 33.7 35.2 33.1 34.00 1.98 1.92 1.99 1.96 s5 98.50 25.36 18 35.7 37.7 38.6 37.33 1.80 1.72 1.68 1.73 s6 98.48 25.08 50 35.1 32.0 33.0 33.37 1.85 1.93 1.86 1.88 s7 98.40 25.07 89 37.2 38.0 37.9 37.70 1.81 1.80 1.81 1.81 s8 98.30 25.07 20 36.1 37.0 37.8 36.97 1.84 1.80 1.97 1.87 s9 98.54 25.44 13 37.3 38.4 39.0 38.23 1.87 1.82 1.81 1.83 s10 98.54 25.10 10 33.3 35.2 35.9 34.80 2.06 1.95 1.92 1.98 s11 98.51 24.84 15 36.0 37.0 36.7 36.57 1.77 1.74 1.79 1.77 s12 98.60 24.77 64 36.6 36.9 36.9 36.80 1.78 1.76 1.76 1.77 注：NAN表示无效值.
Note: NAN indicates missing or undefined values.
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