Mire surface wetness is jointly determined by climate and geothermy: A case from Chichi peatland in the Changbai Mountains
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摘要:
来自北方泥炭地的研究表明, 沼泽表面湿度变化时常受控于气候变化。然而火山活动区泥炭地的表面湿度是否受到了火山地质的影响？这个问题值得进一步明晰。本研究以长白山赤池泥炭地38cm深的沉积物作为对象, 通过植物大化石、有壳变形虫和腐殖化度多指标分析, 重建该泥炭地过去近50年的地表湿度变化。研究表明, 3个指标揭示的地表湿度变化趋势总体一致, 即38~27cm(1957~1965A.D.)由干向湿转变; 27~18cm(1965~1976A.D.)干湿波动; 18~0cm(1976~2008A.D.)由湿向干转变。与当地的气象数据对比, 发现剖面底部湿度偏低与地热引起的强烈蒸发有关; 而剖面上部湿度偏低与降水少、温度高的气候变化模式较吻合。理解泥炭地表面湿度变化对于泥炭记录的古气候、古环境和古生态重建具有重要意义。
Abstract:Peatlands record the changes in climate and environment during their formation and development as one of the major geological archives. Previous studies from boreal peatlands suggest that natural changes in bog surface wetness(BSW)are often controlled by climate change. However, the influence of volcanic activities on BSW in peatlands from the volcanically active regions has not been sufficiently addressed. In this paper, Chichi peatland(42°03'16''N, 128°03'22''E; 1811m a.s.l.)in the Changbai Mountains, northeast of China was investigated. A monolith of peat(38cm in depth)was excavated from the centre of Chichi peatland in 2008 and was cut into peat slice at 1cm(depth)intervals on site. Analyses of plant macrofossils, testate amoebae and peat humification have been combined to reconstruct BSW with the support of AMS 14C technology. Detrended correspondence analysis on plant macrofossils was used to transform the raw floral data into BSW indices. A testate amoebae-depth to water table(DWT)transfer function developed for this region was used to reconstruct past DWT. Results showed that reconstructed BSW from plant macrofossils was generally consistent in trend with those from testate amoebae and peat humification. Bog surface wetness was drier from 1957A.D. to 1965A.D., fluctuated from dry to wet from 1965A.D. to 1976A.D., and then converted into dry from 1976A.D. to 2008A.D. Comparisons of the BSW reconstruction with meteorological data from both this peatland and Erdao meteorological station near this peatland suggested that relatively dry surface at the bottom of the profile was predominantly associated with strong evaporation caused by geothermal heat, increase in wetness at the middle of the profile due to the weakening role of geothermal heat and strengthening of climate influence, and decrease in wetness at the upper part of the profile induced by less precipitation and higher temperature. The research on reconstruction of BSW and its mechanisms is significant for reconstruction of palaeoclimate, palaeoenvironment and palaeoecology using peat archives.
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Key words:
- Changbai Mountains /
- plant macrofossils /
- testate amoebae /
- mire surface wetness /
- climate change
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图 1
(a) 赤池泥炭地在长白山的位置、(b)赤池泥炭地与天池的相对位置以及(c)赤池泥炭地取样点
Figure 1.
(a)Location of Chichi peatland in the Changbai Mountains; (b)Chichi peatland and Tianchi Lake; (c)Sampling site at Chichi peatland
图 3
赤池泥炭剖面植物大化石分布和聚类图
Figure 3.
Plant macrofossils diagrams and dendrogram of the Chichi peat profile
图 4
植物大化石除趋势对应分析(DCA)物种得分图
Figure 4.
DCA ordination plot of plant macrofossils species
图 5
赤池泥炭剖面有壳变形虫分布和聚类图
Figure 5.
Testate amoebae diagrams and dendrogram of the Chichi peat profile
图 6
植物大化石、有壳变形虫和腐殖化度重建的表面湿度与赤池泥炭地及二道气象站1)的温度和降水变化对比
Figure 6.
Comparison of surface wetness in Chichi peat profile from plant macrofossils, testate amoebae and humification to temperature and precipitation at Erdao Meteorological Station and Chichi peatland
表 1
赤池泥炭剖面AMS 14C测年结果*
Table 1.
AMS 14C dating results of the Chichi peat profile
实验编号 样品编号 深度(cm) 植物种类 现代碳百分比(%) 校正14C年代(cal.a B.P.) 估算14C年代(概率)(A.D.) NENUR11186 CC17 17 藓类 100.67±0.78 现代 1709(18%)/1865(46%)/1955(10%)/2017(26%) NENUR11187 CC30 30 藓类 107.88±0.57 现代 1957(12%)/2003(87%)/2005(1%) Beta-396276 CC38 38 藓类 106.0±0.3 现代 1957(8%)/2007(92%) * 现代碳误差是2 σ，用CALIBomb程序(http://calib.org/CALIBomb/)校正的14C年代误差是2 σ 
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