The evolution process of atypical stalactites in Mahuang Cave, Suiyang County, Guizhou Province
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摘要:
通过对贵州绥阳麻黄洞洞内6处非典型钟乳石进行详细测量和统计学定量分析，描述其发育形态和空间分布特征，并探讨其形成演化过程及影响因素。主要结论为：从发育形态上看，麻黄洞洞内非典型钟乳石共计分布6处，最大面积5.06 m2，最小0.18 m2，由于洞道结构的差异性及洞穴风的作用，非典型钟乳石的生长方向各有不同，但主要方向与洞道的走向呈近似平行状态；发育过程来看，麻黄洞非典型钟乳石的形成主要是附着于洞穴顶板的基岩或已形成的洞穴次生化学沉积物表面，由滴水在洞穴风的影响下不断进行脱气沉积而形成；总体上，麻黄洞洞内非典型钟乳石的形成主要是水动力条件、基岩性质、洞道结构及风动力条件等因素耦合的作用，其中，洞穴风是形成非典型钟乳石的主要动力。
Abstract:This paper measured and conducted a quantitative statistical analysis of 6 atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave(28°08'00″~28°20'00″N, 107°02'30″~107°25'00″E), a forming cave in Loushanguan Formation of Middle-Upper Cambrian Series, Guizhou Province. After describing morphological characteristics and spatial distribution, the paper discussed the evolutionary process and influencing factors of its formation. It was concluded that there were a total of 6 atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave, with a maximum area of 5.06 m2 and a minimum of 0.18 m2. The growth direction of atypical stalactites was mainly concentrated in two groups, 0°~66°(NNE)and 227°~226°(SW), and the overall orientation of the cave channel was 205°~220°, which showed that the growth direction of atypical stalactites was mainly parallel to the direction of the tunnel. The formation of atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave was mainly due to the continuous degassing deposition of dripping water on the surface of bedrock attached to the roof or on the formed secondary cave chemical deposits of the cave under the influence of cave wind, thus forming atypical stalactites, indicating that there were dripping points in the 6 atypical stalactites, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the dripping water was greater than in the cave air for a long period. The wind dynamic conditions formed by atypical stalactites were a good indicator of the ventilation conditions at different monitoring points in the tunnel and the overall ventilation status of the cave. The deposition direction of atypical stalactites in the cave indicated that the restricted ventilation dominated the Mahuang Cave. Overall, the formation of atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave resulted from the coupling of hydrodynamic conditions, bedrock properties, tunnel structure, and wind dynamic conditions. Among them, cave wind was the main driving force for the formation of atypical stalactites.
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Key words:
- Mahuang Cave /
- evolutionary process /
- atypical stalactites /
- influencing factors /
- Guizhou
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图 1
麻黄洞位置、洞道特征及非典型钟乳石分布位置
Figure 1.
Location, features of Mahuang Cave tunnel and distribution of atypical stalactites
图 6
洞穴内空气、水的CO2分压图
Figure 6.
CO2 partial pressure diagram of air and water in the cave
表 1
非典型钟乳石分布面积基本参数
Table 1.
Basic parameters of atypical stalactites distribution area
监测点 长度(m) 宽度(m) 分布面积(m2) 1#(风口1) 0.50 0.20 1.00 2#(风口2) 1.20 0.60 0.72 3#(陡坎) 1.40 0.60 0.84 4#(高位瀑布) 0.60 0.30 0.18 5#(水道) 0.40 9.00 3.60 6#(3*滴水点) 1.10 4.60 5.06 
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表 2
麻黄洞3*滴水点滴水基本参数(mg/L)
Table 2.
The basic parameters of 3* drip water in Mahuang Cave
时间 K+ Na+ Ca+ Mg+ Sr+ HCO3- CL- So42- NO3- 水温 pH SIc 5月 0.02 0.05 1.46 0.50 0.01 102.00 0.07 0.15 0.18 13.63 8.35 0.78 10月 0.02 0.04 1.46 0.51 0.01 138.00 0.07 0.13 0.20 14.56 8.06 0.55
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表 3
麻黄洞3*滴水点滴量(ml/s)
Table 3.
Drip volume of 3* drip water in Mahuang Cave
时间 2018年 2019 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 滴量 1.27 2.60 2.23 2.12 2.40 3.67 3.17 2.00 2.83 2.67 1.67 1.89
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表 4
监测点的洞道结构参数
Table 4.
Tunnel structure parameters at monitoring points
采样点 长度(m) 宽度(m) 洞高(m) 坡度(°) 1#(风口1) 4.210 3.518 1.953 4.7 2#(风口2) 15.028 2.284 3.676 1.4 2#(风口2)尾部 — 6.766 6.318 — 3#(陡坎) 13.383 1.097 8.803 20.1 3#(陡坎)尾部 — 2.639 8.414 — 4#(高位瀑布) 4.553 1.137 6.493 0 4#(高位瀑布)尾部 — 3.254 8.690 — 5#(水道) 17.788 11.131 1.372 -9.0 5#(水道)尾部 — 8.805 3.604 — 6#(3*滴水点) 13.720 10.535 1.886 0 6#(3*滴水点)尾部 — 10.413 2.547 —
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