湖北荆门屈家岭遗址史前农业发展的植硅体证据

杨玉璋; 黄程青; 姚凌; 罗武宏; 陶洋; 罗运兵; 张德伟

doi:10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2020.02.16

湖北荆门屈家岭遗址史前农业发展的植硅体证据

- 1.
  中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系, 安徽合肥 230026
- 2.
  湖北省文物考古研究所, 湖北武汉 430077
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41772172）和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（973计划）（批准号：2015CB953802）共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:
杨玉璋, 男, 41岁, 教授, 科技考古专业, E-mail:yzyang@ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者: 姚凌, E-mail:2792961611@qq.com; 罗武宏, E-mail:lwh0551@mail.ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: K872

收稿日期: 2019-11-08

修回日期: 2020-01-16

刊出日期: 2020-03-25

Phytolith evidence for the prehistoric agriculture development at the Qujialing site in Jingmen, Hubei Province

- 1.
  Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui
- 2.
  Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei

More Information

Corresponding authors: Yao Ling, E-mail: 2792961611@qq.com ; Luo Wuhong, E-mail: lwh0551@mail.ustc.edu.cn

Received Date: 08 November 2019

Revised Date: 16 January 2020

Publish Date: 25 March 2020

摘要

摘要:
采用植硅体分析方法，对湖北荆门屈家岭遗址南部2015~2017年度主发掘区TN14W35探方内油子岭至石家河文化时期（5800~4200 a B.P.）的地层土样进行了系统取样分析，并重点对水稻扇型植硅体形态特征进行了研究。结果显示，遗址各文化时期土样中均含有丰富的水稻（Oryza sativa）特征型植硅体，表明稻作农业在屈家岭遗址各阶段先民植物资源的开发利用中始终占据着主导地位。同时，实验还在油子岭和屈家岭文化地层发现粟（Setaria italica）、黍（Panicum miliaceum）植硅体，但从发现数量看，粟类作物在屈家岭遗址先民农作物利用结构中只占据极小的比重。论文通过对水稻扇型植硅体形态参数测量和鱼鳞状纹饰统计发现，屈家岭遗址的水稻遗存主要属于粳稻类型，且驯化程度在油子岭文化早期时期就已经达到现代栽培稻水平。本文研究揭示了屈家岭遗址先民的农业结构、水稻类型及驯化水平，为了解江汉平原汉水东部地区新石器时代晚期人类生业形式与水稻驯化水平等提供了重要科学依据。
- 屈家岭遗址 /
- 水稻扇型植硅体 /
- 粳籼属性 /
- 水稻驯化 /
- 稻作农业
Abstract:
Qujialing site(30°50'01.93"N, 112°54'33.54"E) is one of the most representative Neolithic sites located to the east of the Han River in the middle Yangtze River. Culturally, this site dated from Youziling to Shijiahe culture periods(ca. 5800~4200 a B.P.)which covered the main stages of Neolithic culture in Jianghan Plain.
In this paper, the phytolith analysis and AMS¹⁴C dating were applied to investigate the plant remains at the stratigraphic soil samples from the profile of trench TN14W35, which is located at the southern excavation areas of Qujialing site. This trench contains 10 different layers with the depth of 145 cm, and beneath modern agricultural layers were the Neolithic cultural deposits. 29 soil samples were collected for phytolith analysis, 14 of them were from Youziling culture layers(5800~5100 a B.P.), 10 of them were from Qujialing culture layers(5100~4500 a B.P.), and 3 of them were from Shijiahe culture layers(4500~4200 a B.P.), the rest 2 were from modern agricultural layers.
The results showed that all soil samples from different cultural periods contained abundant rice phytoliths, suggesting that rice agriculture always occupied a dominant position in human plant resource utilization at Qujialing site. In addition, the discovery of a few phytoliths from foxtail millet and broomcorn millet indicated that the use of millet crops had occurred at Qujialing site since the Youziling culture period which was earlier than 5300 years ago. However, the millet crops only occupied a small proportion in the crop structure. Simultaneously, the morphological parameters, length and width of rice bulliform phytolith, b/a(ratio of lengths of handle to fan of rice bulliform phytolith)were measured to identify rice types, and the number of fish-scale decoration of rice bulliform phytoliths were also counted for studying the domestication level, the results showed that the rice remains from Qujialing site mainly belonged to the Japonica rice, and the degree of domestication was close to that of modern cultivated rice since the Youziling culture period. The research results of this paper indicated that the Qujialing people had engaged in mature cultivated rice cultivation since they settled here 5800 years ago.
This work reveals the agricultural structure, rice types and domestication level at Qujialing site, it also provides significant scientific basis for comprehensively understanding the human subsistence strategy and rice domestication level during the late Neolithic period in eastern region of Han River, Jianghan Plain.
- Qujialing site /
- rice bulliform phytoliths /
- rice type /
- domestication level /
- rice agriculture

HTML全文

图 1
屈家岭遗址与江汉平原汉水以东地区其它已开展植物考古研究的遗址位置分布图

Figure 1.
Location map of the Qujialing site and other archaeological sites for archaeobotanical research in eastern region of Han River, Jianghan Plain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2
屈家岭遗址TN14W35地层堆积与取样层位(黄色编号为取样地层)

Figure 2.
Archaeological stratigraphy and sampling layers of trench TN14W35 in the Qujialing site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3
屈家岭遗址发现的主要植硅体类型

Figure 3.
Main phytolith morphotypes found at the Qujialing site

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图 4
屈家岭遗址主要植硅体与其他微体遗存的百分含量图谱

Figure 4.
Percentage diagram of main phytoliths and other micro remains found at the Qujialing site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5
屈家岭遗址水稻扇型植硅体形态特征

Figure 5.
Morphological characteristics of rice bulliform phytoliths from the Qujialing site.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6
屈家岭遗址不同文化时期水稻扇型植硅体鱼鳞状纹饰≧9的比例

Figure 6.
The proportion of rice bulliform phytoliths with ≧9 fish-scale decorations during different culture periods at the Qujialing site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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