The impact of climate change on rice agriculture during the end of the Shang period: Results of the plant remains from Daxinzhuang and Liujiazhuang sites, Jinan, Shandong Province
-
摘要:
气候变化影响着农作物的生长。文章通过对比济南大辛庄遗址中、晚商时期的植物遗存和济南刘家庄遗址商末周初的植物遗存，发现两个遗址主要农作物均包括粟（Setaria italica（L.）Beauv.）、黍（Panicum miliaceum L.）、大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merr.）和小麦（Ttiticum aestivum L.），大辛庄遗址水稻（Oryza sativa L.）绝对数量较多，但刘家庄遗址未发现水稻。综合本地区其他遗址的植物考古研究结果，可以发现山东地区岳石文化时期、商代水稻仍是主要粮食作物之一，但到商末周初水稻数量急剧减少。同时，邻近的中原地区和关中地区，多处商周时期遗址水稻种植也普遍出现萎缩。多项地质记录表明，商末（3000 a B.P.前后）东亚夏季风快速减弱，降水量显著下降。山东地区受东亚季风影响，这一时期降水量减少，难以保证稻作农业所需的持续充足的水源，从而影响到水稻产量和种植规模。因此，商末气候变化很可能是刘家庄遗址商末周初水稻缺失以及山东地区商末周初水稻数量骤降的主要原因之一，也同时影响到整个黄河中下游这一时期的稻作农业。
Abstract:The Daxinzhuang(36°42'41.85"N, 117°06'13.94"E) and Liujiazhuang(36°41'15.5"N, 116°59'58.8"E) sites are located in Jinan City in Shandong Province. Archaeologists have excavated the two sites during 2010. A total of 166 soil samples of Daxinzhuang site were collected mostly from ash pits and layers dated to the Middle and Late Shang periods. Through detailed identification, a total of 24715 plant remains, including plant seeds, fruits and tubers, have been discovered, in which the plant seeds include 17377 crops and 7270 weeds. At Liujiazhuang site, a total of 8544 plant seeds, fruits and tubers, of which 5131 crops and 3360 weeds, have been identified in 128 flotation samples, which were mostly excavated from Late-Shang to Early-Zhou ash pits. Based on the archaeobotanical evidence, the crops in the two sites include foxtail millet(Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.), broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.), soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.), and wheat(Ttiticum aestivum L.). A relatively large quantity of rice(Oryza sativa L.) was discovered at Daxinzhuang site, but no rice seed has been found at Liujiazhuang site.
By integrating the findings of plant remains from other sites in this region, it can be reflected that the status of rice cultivation declined during the Late Shang and Early Zhou periods, although rice was one of the main crops during the Yueshi and Shang periods. This trend can also be observed in the Guanzhong Basin and the Central Plains. Multiple geologic records show that the East Asian summer monsoon weakened rapidly around 3000 a B.P., resulting in the decrease of precipitation in the Shandong region during the end of Shang period. The decrease of precipitation probably could not guarantee the needs of water for local rice agriculture, leading to the decline of rice yields. Hence, the climate change at the end of the Shang period was the main reason for the absence of rice in Liujiazhuang site and decline in quantity of rice in Shandong during the Late Shang and Early Zhou periods. And it was likely to influence the shrink of rice agriculture in the middle and lower Yellow River area during the Late Shang and Early Zhou periods.
-
Key words:
- Daxinzhuang site /
- Liujiazhuang site /
- the end of the Shang period /
- climate change /
- rice agriculture
-
-
图 1
山东地区青铜时代已发表植物考古数据的遗址
Figure 1.
Archaeological sites for archaeobotanical research during the Bronze Age in Shandong area
图 2
大辛庄遗址(2010年度)部分炭化植物遗存
Figure 2.
Part of charred plant remains from Daxinzhuang site(2010)
图 4
3000 a B.P.气候事件记录
Figure 4.
3000 a B.P. climatic event records. (a)July 65°N solar insolation[67]; (b)Dongge cave speleothem δ18O records[62]; (c)Tree pollen percentages from Daihai Lake[63]; (d)Magnetic susceptibility from Yulin loess[64]; (e)Pollen-based annual precipitation(PANN)reconstructed from Gonghai Lake[65]; (f)Castanopsis/Lithocarpus pollen ratio from Dingnan peat[66]; (g)Ti content from Lake Huguang Maar[6]
图 5
山东地区青铜时代遗址水稻数量百分比及出土概率
Figure 5.
Proportion and ubiquity of rice during the Bronze Age in Shandong area
表 1
大辛庄遗址与刘家庄遗址AMS 14C测年结果
Table 1.
AMS 14C dates for charred seeds from the Daxinzhuang and Liujiazhuang sites
遗址名称 实验室编号 样本 样本单位 14C年代(a B.P.) 树轮校正后年代(cal. B. C.)2σ 大辛庄(2003/2005) Beta-33386 粟 2005DXZ-H1014④-N-1 3030±30 1390~1210[40] 大辛庄(2003/2005) Beta-418904 大豆 2005DXZ H1014 2940±30 1225~1045[41] 大辛庄(2003/2005) Beta-418900 大豆 2005DXZT0305H1005③ 3040±30 1395~1215[41] 大辛庄(2010) OxA-27929 小麦 2010DXZ-J18⑨ 3114±30 1442~1290[42] 刘家庄 OxA-28032 小麦 H123 2841±26 1086~919[42] 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2
大辛庄遗址(2010年度)和刘家庄遗址出土农作物统计
Table 2.
Crops recovered from Daxinzhuang (2010) and Liujiazhuang sites
遗址名称 粟 黍 水稻 大豆 小麦 绝对数量 出土概率 绝对数量 出土概率 绝对数量 出土概率 绝对数量 出土概率 绝对数量 出土概率 大辛庄 14115 98.8% 1128 68.7% 1161 39.9% 951 70.5% 22 0.1% 刘家庄 4829 99.2% 126 32.8% 0 — 167 39.8% 9 5.5%
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 靳桂云.燕山南北长城地带中全新世气候环境的演化及影响[J].考古学报, 2004, (4):485-505. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KGXB200404003.htm
Jin Guiyun. Climate and environmental changes of the mid-Holocene epoch in North China[J]. Acta Archaeologica Sinica, 2004, (4):485-505. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KGXB200404003.htm
[2] 董广辉, 刘峰文, 陈发虎.不同空间尺度影响古代社会演化的环境和技术因素探讨[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2017, 47(12):1383-1394. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JDXK201712001.htm
Dong Guanghui, Liu Fengwen, Chen Fahu. Environmental and technological effects on ancient social evolution at different spatial scales[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2017, 60(12):2067-2077. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JDXK201712001.htm
[3] 张山佳, 董广辉.青藏高原东北部青铜时代中晚期人类对不同海拔环境的适应策略探讨[J].第四纪研究, 2017, 37(4):696-708. http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract11348.shtml
Zhang Shanjia, Dong Guanghui. Human adaptation strategies to different altitude environment during mid-late Bronze Age in northeast Tibetan Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2017, 37(4):696-708. http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract11348.shtml
[4] 吕厚远, 张健平.关中地区的新石器古文化发展与古环境变化的关系[J].第四纪研究, 2008, 28(6):1050-1060. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2008.06.010 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract8898.shtml
Lü Houyuan, Zhang Jianping. Neolithic cultural evolution and Holocene climate change in the Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi, China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2008, 28(6):1050-1060. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2008.06.010 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract8898.shtml
[5] 莫多闻, 王辉, 李水城.华北不同地区全新世环境演变对古文化发展的影响[J].第四纪研究, 2003, 23(2):200-210. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2003.02.010
Mo Duowen, Wang Hui, Li Shuicheng. Effects of Holocene environmental changes on the development of archaeological cultures in different regions of North China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(2):200-210. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2003.02.010
[6] Yancheva G, Nowaczyk N R, Mingram J, et al. Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon[J]. Nature, 2007, 445(7123):74-77. doi: 10.1038/nature05431
[7] Zhang P Z, Cheng H, Edwards R L, et al. A test of climate, sun, and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record[J]. Science, 2008, 322(5903):940-942. doi: 10.1126/science.1163965
[8] 郭建平.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响研究进展[J].应用气象学报, 2015, 26(1):1-11. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yyqxxb201501001
Guo Jianping. Advances in impacts of climate change on agricultural production in China[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2015, 26(1):1-11. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yyqxxb201501001
[9] Adams R M. Global climate change and agriculture:An economic perspective[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1989, 71(5):1272-1279. doi: 10.2307/1243120
[10] 赵志军.中国古代农业的形成过程——浮选出土植物遗存证据[J].第四纪研究, 2014, 34(1):73-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.01.10 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10849.shtml
Zhao Zhijun. The process of origin of agriculture in China:Archaeological evidence from flotation results[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2014, 34(1):73-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.01.10 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10849.shtml
[11] Lu H Y, Zhang J P, Liu K, et al. Earliest domestication of common millet(Panicum miliaceum)in East Asia extended to 10, 000 years ago[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(18):7367-7372. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900158106
[12] 安成邦, 吉笃学, 陈发虎, 等.甘肃中部史前农业发展的源流:以甘肃秦安和礼县为例[J].科学通报, 2010, 55(14):1381-1386. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KXTB201014014.htm
An Chengbang, Ji Duxue, Chen Fahu, et al. Evolution of prehistoric agriculture in central Gansu Province, China:A case study in Qin'an and Li County[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(14):1381-1386. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KXTB201014014.htm
[13] 秦岭.中国农业起源的植物考古研究与展望[C]//北京大学文博学院, 北京大学中国考古学研究中心.考古学研究(九).北京: 文物出版社, 2012: 260-315.
http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KGXY201200017.htm Qin Ling. Paleoethnobotanical study of origin of agriculture in China[C]//School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University, Center for the Study of Chinese Archaeology of Peking University eds. Archaeological Study, Vol.9. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 2012: 260-315.
[14] 赵志军.从兴隆沟遗址浮选结果谈中国北方旱作农业起源问题[C]//南京师范大学文博系.东亚古物(A卷).北京: 文物出版社, 2004: 188-199.
Zhao Zhijun. Flotation results from the Xinglonggou site and the origin of the dry-land agriculture in North China[C]//Department of Cultural Relics and Museology of Nanjing Normal University ed. Antiquities of East Asian (A). Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 2004: 188-199.
[15] 靳桂云, 王传明.海岱地区3000 BC-1500 BC农业与环境研究——来自考古遗址的植硅体证据[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心.东方考古(第7集).北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 322-332.
Jin Guiyun, Wang Chuanming. Study on the agriculture and environment from 3000BC to 1500BC in the Haidai region: Phytolith evidence from the archaeological sites[M]//Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.7. Beijing: Science Press, 2010: 322-332.
[16] 方辉.岳石文化衰落原因蠡测[J].文史哲, 2003, (3):139-143. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0511-4721.2003.03.030
Fang Hui. Tentative studies on decline of the Yueshi culture[J]. Journal of Literature, History and Philosophy, 2003, (3):139-143. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0511-4721.2003.03.030
[17] 王辉, 莫多闻, 袁靖.陕北长城沿线先秦时期生业与环境的关系[J].第四纪研究, 2014, 34(1):234-243. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.01.27 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10866.shtml
Wang Hui, Mo Duowen, Yuan Jing. Relationship between the subsistence and environment along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi during the Pre-Qin period[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2014, 34(1):234-243. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.01.27 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10866.shtml
[18] 张小虎, 夏正楷, 杨晓燕, 等.黄河流域史前经济形态对4 ka B.P.气候事件的响应[J].第四纪研究, 2008, 28(6):1061-1069. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2008.06.011 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract8904.shtml
Zhang Xiaohu, Xia Zhengkai, Yang Xiaoyan, et al. Different response models of prehistoric economy to 4 ka B.P. climate event in the reaches of Huanghe River[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2008, 28(6):1061-1069. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2008.06.011 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract8904.shtml
[19] 张兰生, 方修琦, 任国玉, 等.我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变[J].地学前缘, 1997, 4(1-2):131-140. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-82101-2010171365.htm
Zhang Lansheng, Fang Xiuqi, Ren Guoyu, et al. Environmental changes in the North China farming-grazing transitional zone[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1997, 4(1-2):131-140. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-82101-2010171365.htm
[20] 夏商周断代工程专家组.夏商周断代工程1996-2000年阶段成果报告·简本[M].北京:世界图书出版公司, 2000:87-88.
Expert Group of Xia Shang Zhou Chronology. Report of the Xia Shang Zhou Chronology(1996-2000)[M]. Beijing:World Book Inc., 2000:87-88.
[21] 施雅风.中国全新世大暖期气候与环境[M].北京:海洋出版社, 1992:14.
Shi Yafeng. The Climates and Environments of Holocene Megathermal in China[M]. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 1992:14.
[22] 王星光.商代的生态环境与农业发展[J].中原文物, 2008, (5):57-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1731.2008.05.009
Wang Xingguang. On the ecological environment and agriculture development of Shang Dynasty[J]. Cultural Relics of Central China, 2008, (5):57-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1731.2008.05.009
[23] 赵志军.关于夏商周文明形成时期农业经济特点的一些思考[J].华夏考古, 2005, (1):75-81. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9928.2005.01.009
Zhao Zhijun. On the distinctive feature of agricultural economy during the formation of Xia Shang Zhou civilization[J]. Huaxia Archaeology, 2005, (1):75-81. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9928.2005.01.009
[24] 方辉.海岱地区夏商周考古的新收获[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006, (5):41-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9839.2006.05.007
Fang Hui. Recent progresses in the archaeological study of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Haidai area[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2006, (5):41-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9839.2006.05.007
[25] 靳桂云, 郭荣臻, 魏娜.海岱地区史前稻遗存研究[J].东南文化, 2017, (5):60-71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-179X.2017.05.007
Jin Guiyun, Guo Rongzhen, Wei Na. Pre-historical rice remains in Haidai area[J]. Southeast Culture, 2017, (5):60-71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-179X.2017.05.007
[26] 赵志军.中华文明形成时期的农业经济发展特点[J].中国国家博物馆馆刊, 2011, (1):19-31. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLBK201101008.htm
Zhao Zhijun. Characteristics of agricultural economy during the formation of ancient Chinese civilization[J]. Journal of National Museum of China, 2011, (1):19-31. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLBK201101008.htm
[27] 王海玉, 刘延常, 靳桂云.山东省临沭县东盘遗址2009年度炭化植物遗存分析[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心.东方考古(第8集).北京: 科学出版社, 2011: 357-372.
Wang Haiyu, Liu Yanchang, Jin Guiyun. Analysis on the carbonized plant remains from the Dongpan site, 2009, Linshu county, Shandong[M]//Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.8. Beijing: Science Press, 2011: 357-372.
[28] 安静平, 董文斌, 郭荣臻, 等.山东济南唐冶遗址(2014)西周时期炭化植物遗存研究[J].农业考古, 2016, (6):7-21. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nykg201606001
An Jingping, Dong Wenbin, Guo Rongzhen, et al. A study on Xizhou Dynasty's carbonized plant remains of Tangye site (2014) in Jinan, Shandong[J]. Agricultural Archaeology, 2016, (6):7-21. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nykg201606001
[29] 陈雪香.海岱地区新石器时代晚期至青铜时代农业稳定性考察——植物考古学个案分析[D].济南: 山东大学博士论文, 2007: 38-78.
http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-2007089599.htm Chen Xuexiang. Paleoethnobotany and Agriculture across the Transition from the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Northern China: A Case Study[D]. Jinan: The Doctor's Thesis of Shandong University, 2007: 38-78.
[30] 宋吉香.山东桐林遗址出土植物遗存研究[D].北京: 中国社会科学院研究生院硕士论文, 2007: 34-36.
Song Jixiang. Research on the Plant Remains from Tonglin Site[D]. Beijing: The Master's Thesis of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2007: 34-36.
[31] Drake F S. Shang Dynasty find at Ta-Hsin Chuang, Shantung[J]. The China Journal, 1939, (2):77-81.
[32] 蔡凤书.济南大辛庄商代遗址的调查[J].考古, 1973, (5):272-275. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1016162438.htm
Cai Fengshu. Investigation of the Daxinzhuang site in Jinan City[J]. Archaeology, 1973, (5):272-275. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1016162438.htm
[33] 任相宏.济南大辛庄龙山、商遗址调查[J].考古, 1985, (8):753-755. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/94762X/198508/1002307862.html
Ren Xianghong. Investigation of the Longshan culture and Shang period sites at Daxinzhuang in Jinan City[J]. Archaeology, 1985, (8):753-755. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/94762X/198508/1002307862.html
[34] 山东大学历史系考古专业, 山东省文物考古研究所, 济南市博物馆. 1984年秋济南大辛庄遗址试掘述要[J].文物, 1995, (6):12-27. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/97337X/199506/1003283234.html
Archaeology Specialization, History Department, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Jinan City Museum. Excavation of the Daxinzhuang site at Jinan in fall of 1984[J]. Cultural Relics, 1995, (6):12-27. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/97337X/199506/1003283234.html
[35] 山东大学东方考古研究中心, 山东省文物考古研究所, 济南市考古研究所.济南市大辛庄商代居址与墓葬[J].考古, 2004, (7):25-33. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KAGU200407002.htm
Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Jinan Municipal Institute of Archaeology. Shang period site and tombs at Daxinzhuang in Jinan City[J]. Archaeology, 2004, (7):25-33. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KAGU200407002.htm
[36] 方辉.济南大辛庄遗址出土商代甲骨文[J].中国历史文物, 2003, (3):4-5. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1016162438.htm
Fang Hui. A study on the oracle bones of Shang Dynasty excavated from Daxinzhuang site, Ji'nan[J]. Journal of National Museum of China, 2003, (3):4-5. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1016162438.htm
[37] 方辉. 2003年济南大辛庄遗址的考古收获[M]//方辉.大辛庄遗址研究(资料卷).北京: 科学出版社. 2013: 103-109.
Fang Hui. Archaeological discoveries of the Daxinzhuang site, 2003, Ji'nan[M]//Fang Hui. Research on the Daxinzhuang Site(Data Volume). Beijing: Science Press. 2013: 103-109.
[38] 方辉.大辛庄遗址的考古发现与研究[M]//方辉.大辛庄遗址研究(资料卷).北京: 科学出版社, 2013: ⅶ-ⅹⅰ.
Fang Hui. Archaeological discoveries and researches on the Daxinzhuang site[M]//Fang Hui. Research on the Daxinzhuang Site(Data Volume). Beijing: Science Press, 2013: ⅶ-ⅹⅰ.
[39] 济南市考古研究所.刘家庄遗址的跌宕发掘[J].大众考古, 2014, (2):28-32. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20142014052600073126
Jinan Municipal Institute of Archaeology. Excavation of the Liujiazhuang site, Jinan[J]. Popular Archaeology, 2014, (2):28-32. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20142014052600073126
[40] Chen X X, Yu S Y, Underhill A P, et al. Radiocarbon dating and stable carbon isotopic analyses of Neolithic and Bronze Age staple crops in the lower Yellow River area and their paleodietary implications[J]. Geoarchaeology, 2018, (33):307-313. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/320837226_Radiocarbon_dating_and_stable_carbon_isotopic_analyses_of_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_staple_crops_in_the_lower_Yellow_River_area_and_their_paleodietary_implications
[41] Zong Y B, Yao S K, Crawford G W, et al. Selection for oil content during soybean domestication revealed by X-Ray tomography of ancient beans[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(43595):1-10. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep43595
[42] Liu X Y, Lister D L, Zhao Z J, et al. The virtues of small grain size:Potential pathways to a distinguishing feature of Asian wheats[J]. Quaternary International, 2016, (426):107-119. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104061821530197X
[43] 赵志军.植物考古学的田野工作方法——浮选法[M]//赵志军.植物考古学: 理论、方法和实践.北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 29-44.
Zhao Zhijun. Flotation: A field technique of paleoethnobotany for recovering plain remains[M]//Zhao Zhijun. Paleothnobotany: Theories, Methods and Practice. Beijing: Science Press, 2010: 29-44.
[44] 刘长江, 靳桂云, 孔昭宸.植物考古:种子和果实研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008:1-273.
Liu Changjiang, Jin Guiyun, Kong Zhaochen. Archaeobotany Research on Seeds and Fruits[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2008:1-273.
[45] 郭琼霞.杂草种子彩色鉴定图鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1998:1-176.
Guo Qiongxia. Identification of Weed Seeds with Colored Pictures[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1998:1-176.
[46] 郭巧生.中国药用植物种子原色图鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2009:1-461.
Guo Qiaosheng. The Illustrated Seeds of Chinese Medicinal Plants[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2009:1-461.
[47] 强胜.杂草学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2001:1-2.
Qiang Sheng. Weed Science[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2001:1-2.
[48] 李杨汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1998:1-32.
Li Yanghan. Weeds of China[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1998:1-32.
[49] 陈雪香, 方辉.从济南大辛庄遗址浮选结果看商代农业经济[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心.东方考古(第4集).北京: 科学出版社, 2008: 47-68.
Chen Xuexiang, Fang Hui. A case study of agriculture in the Shang Dynasty: macro plant remains from the Daxinzhuang site, Jinan, China[M]//Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.4. Beijing: Science Press, 2008: 47-68.
[50] Luan F S, Mayke W. The chronology and basic developmental sequence of archaeological culture in the Haidai Region[M]//Mayke W, Luan F S, Pavel T. Chinese Archaeology and Palaeoenvironment. Darmstadt: Verlag Philipp von Zabern Mainz, 2009: 1-16.
[51] 徐中舒.殷人服象及象之南迁[M]//徐中舒.徐中舒论先秦史.上海: 上海科学技术文献出版社, 2007: 65-89.
Xu Zhongshu. Elephant were domesticated in Shang Dynasty and elephant moved southwards[M]//Xu Zhongshu. History of Pre-Qin. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technological Literature Press, 2007: 65-89.
[52] 罗振玉.增订殷墟书契考释三卷[M].波士顿:东方学会, 1927:30.
Luo Zhenyu. An Examination of the Yin Ruins Character[M]. Boston:American Oriental Society, 1927:30.
[53] Teilhard de Chardin, Young C C. On the mammalian remains from the archaeological site of Anyang[J]. Palaeontologia Sinica, 1936, (1):1-78.
[54] 杨钟健, 刘东生.安阳殷墟之哺乳动物群补遗[J].中国考古学报, 1949, (4):145-153. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/95155X/194904/1002448726.html
Young C C, Liu Tungsheng. Supplement of the mammalian remains from the archaeological site of Anyang[J]. Acta Archaeologica Sinica, 1949, (4):145-153. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/95155X/194904/1002448726.html
[55] 胡厚宣.卜辞中所见之殷代农业[M]//胡厚宣.甲骨学商史论丛(第二集).上海: 上海书店, 1990: 7-292.
Hu Houxuan. Agriculture of Shang Dynasty in oracle inscriptions[M]//Hu Houxuan. Collection of the History of Shang Dynasty in Oracle Inscriptions, Vol.2. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 1990: 7-292.
[56] 胡厚宣.气候变迁与殷代气候之检讨[M]//胡厚宣.甲骨学商史论丛(第二集).上海: 上海书店, 1990: 292-420.
Hu Houxuan. Climate changes and climate of Shang Dynasty[M]//Hu Houxuan. Collection of the History of Shang Dynasty in Oracle Inscriptions, Vol.2. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 1990: 292-420.
[57] 董作宾.再谈殷代气象[M]//董作宾.董作宾先生全集乙编.台北: 台北艺文印书馆, 1977: 518-540.
Dong Zuobin. Climate of Shang Dynasty[M]//Dong Zuobin. Dong Zuobin's Collection, Vol.2. Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Co. Ltd., 1977: 518-540.
[58] 竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究[J].考古学报, 1972, (1):15-38. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xsj201210011
Chu Kochen. Preliminary study on climate change in China in the last 5, 000 years[J]. Acta Archaeologica Sinica, 1972, (1):15-38. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xsj201210011
[59] 唐际根, 周昆叔.姬家屯遗址西周文化层下伏生土与商代安阳地区的气候变化[J].殷都学刊, 2005, (3):18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0238.2005.03.004
Tang Jigen, Zhou Kunshu. The secondary mud in Xizhou in Hijiatun remains and the weather changes in Anyang in Shang Dynasty[J]. Yindu Journal, 2005, (3):18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0238.2005.03.004
[60] 王树芝, 岳洪彬, 岳占伟.殷商时期高分辨率的生态环境重建[J].南方文物, 2016, (2):148-157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6275.2016.02.019
Wang Shuzhi, Yue Hongbin, Yue Zhanwei. The ecological environment reconstruction with high resolution in the Yin and Shang Dynasty[J]. Cultural Relics in Southern China, 2016, (2):148-157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6275.2016.02.019
[61] 朱彦民.商代晚期中原地区生态环境的变迁[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006, (5):54-61. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nkxb-zxsh200605012
Zhu Yanmin. The ecological changing of North China in late Shang period[J]. Nankai Journal(Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition), 2006, (5):54-61. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nkxb-zxsh200605012
[62] Dykoski C A, Edwards R L, Cheng H, et al. A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge cave, China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 233(1-2):71-86. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.036
[63] Xiao J L, Xu Q H, Nakamura T, et al. Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai Lake region of north-central China:A direct indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004, 23(14):1669-1679. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379104000289
[64] Lu H Y, Yi S W, Liu Z Y, et al. Variation of East Asian monsoon precipitation during the past 21 k.y. and potential CO2 forcing[J]. Geology, 2013, 41(9):1023-1026. doi: 10.1130/G34488.1
[65] Chen F H, Xu Q H, Chen J H, et al. East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(11186):1-11. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/OAPaper/oai_doaj-articles_4474426f7afbae733bd93b843f64c222
[66] Zhou W J, Xie S C, Meyers P A, et al. Reconstruction of Late Glacial and Holocene climate evolution in Southern China from geolipids and pollen in the Dingnan peat sequence[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36(9):1272-1284. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.04.005
[67] Berger A. Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1978, 35(12):2362-2367. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<2362:LTVODI>2.0.CO;2
[68] 韩鹏, 刘兴起.内蒙古中东部查干淖尔湖流域7000年以来的气候演变[J].第四纪研究, 2017, 37(6):1381-1390. http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract11416.shtml
Han Peng, Liu Xingqi. The climate evolution inferred from Chagan-Nuur in middle-east part of Inner Mongolia since the last 7000 years[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2017, 37(6):1381-1390. http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract11416.shtml
[69] 凌光久, 贾玉连, 马春梅, 等.内蒙古黄旗海中晚全新世(3580-1630 cal.a B.P.)气候环境记录[J].第四纪研究, 2016, 36(2):257-267. http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract11166.shtml
Ling Guangjiu, Jia Yulian, Ma Chunmei, et al. Mid-Late Holocene(3580-1630 cal.a B.P.)climate and environment records from Huangqihai Lake in Inner Mongolia[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2016, 36(2):257-267. http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract11166.shtml
[70] 黄春长, 庞奖励, 陈宝群, 等.渭河流域先周-西周时代环境和水土资源退化及其社会影响[J].第四纪研究, 2003, 23(4):404-414. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2003.04.009 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9229.shtml
Huang Chunchang, Pang Jiangli, Chen Baoqun, et al. Land degradation and its social impact in the Weihe River drainage basin during the predynastic Zhou-Western Zhou Dynasty[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(4):404-414. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2003.04.009 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9229.shtml
[71] 郭志永, 翟秋敏, 沈娟.黄河中游渑池盆地湖泊沉积记录的古气候变化及其意义[J].第四纪研究, 2011, 31(1):150-162. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2011.01.19 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10092.shtml
Guo Yongzhi, Zhai Qiumin, Shen Juan. Palaeoclimatic changes since the deglaciation revealed by lacustrine sediments in Mianchi Basin of western Henan Province, Central China and the implication for Chinese culture development[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2011, 31(1):150-162. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2011.01.19 http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10092.shtml
[72] 靳桂云, 王传明.海岱地区新石器时代气候与环境[J].古地理学报, 2010, 12(3):355-363. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201003011
Jin Guiyun, Wang Chuanming. Climate and environment of the Neolithic age in Haidai region[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2010, 12(3):355-363. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201003011
[73] 安静平, 郭荣臻, 靳桂云.山东地区青铜时代农业考察——基于植物考古的证据[J].三代考古, 2017, (7):561-599. http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/detail.aspx?filename=SDKG201700039&dbname=CJFN2017
An Jingping, Guo Rongzhen, Jin Guiyun. Agriculture of the Bronze Age in Shandong:Results of archaeobotany[J]. Archaeology of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasities, 2017, (7):561-599. http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/detail.aspx?filename=SDKG201700039&dbname=CJFN2017
[74] 陈雪香.岳石文化农业初探[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心.东方考古(第9集).北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 595-608.
Chen Xuexiang. Preliminary research on agriculture of Yueshi culture[M]//Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.9. Beijing: Science Press, 2012: 595-608.
[75] 郑晓蕖, 朱超, 王海玉, 等.山东乐陵尹家岳石文化遗址植物考古报告[M]//山东省文物考古研究院.海岱考古(第六辑), 北京: 科学出版社, 2013: 139-150.
Zheng Xiaoqu, Zhu Chao, Wang Haiyu, et al. Research on plant remains of Yueshi culture from the Yinjia site, Laoling County, Shandong[M]//Shandong Provincial Institute of Archaeology. Haidai Archaeology, Vol.6. Beijing: Science Press, 2013: 139-150.
[76] 靳桂云, 王传明, 郑同修, 等.山东高青陈庄遗址炭化种子果实研究[J].南方文物, 2012, (1):147-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6275.2012.01.023
Jin Guiyun, Wang Chuanming, Zheng Tongxiu, et al. Research on the charred seeds and fruits from Chenzhuang site, in Gaoqing County, Shandong[J]. Cultural Relics in Southern China, 2012, (1):147-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6275.2012.01.023
[77] 靳桂云, 赵敏, 王传明, 等.山东烟台照格庄岳石文化遗址炭化植物遗存研究[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心.东方考古(第6集).北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 331-343.
Jin Guiyun, Zhao Min, Wang Chuanming, et al. Study on the carbonized plant remains from the Zhaogezhuang site, Yantai, Shandong[M]//Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.6. Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 331-343.
[78] 靳桂云, 王传明, 赵敏, 等.山东烟台庙后遗址植物考古研究[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心.东方考古(第6集).北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 321-330.
Jin Guiyun, Wang Chuanming, Zhao Min. Study on the plant remains from the Miaohou site, Yantai, Shandong[M]//Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.6. Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 321-330.
[79] 靳桂云, 王育茜, 王海玉, 等.山东即墨北阡遗址(2007)炭化种子果实遗存研究[M]//山东大学文化遗产研究院.东方考古(第10集).北京: 科学出版社, 2013: 239-254.
Jin Guiyun, Wang Yuqian, Wang Haiyu, et al. Study on the carbonized plant remains from Beiqian site, Jimo, Shandong(2007)[M]//Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.10. Beijing: Science Press, 2013: 239-254.
[80] 魏娜, 艾松林, 郭荣臻, 等.山东青岛河南庄周代遗址炭化植物遗存研究报告[M]//山东大学文化遗产研究院.东方考古(第14集).北京: 科学出版社, 2017: 214-227.
Wei Na, Ai Songlin, Guo Rongzhen, et al. Research on charred plant remains of Zhou Dynasty from the Henanzhuang site, in Qingdao County, Shandong Province[M]//Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University. East Asia Archaeology, Vol.14. Beijing: Science Press, 2017: 214-227.
[81] 邓振华, 秦岭.中原龙山时代农业结构的比较研究[J].华夏考古, 2017, (3):98-108. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10459-2011010667.htm
Deng Zhenhua, Qin Ling, A comparative study on the agricultural structure of the Central Plains in the Longshan Period[J]. Huaxia Archaeology, 2017, (3):98-108. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10459-2011010667.htm
[82] 赵志军, 方燕明.登封王城岗遗址浮选结果及分析[J].华夏考古, 2007, (2):78-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9928.2007.02.008
Zhao Zhijun, Fang Yanming. Flotation results and analysis of the Wangchenggang site[J]. Huaxia Archaeology, 2007, (2):78-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9928.2007.02.008
[83] 贾世杰, 张娟, 杨玉璋, 等.郑州商城遗址炭化植物遗存浮选结果与分析[J].江汉考古, 2018, (2):97-103. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHKG201802010.htm
Jia Shijie, Zhang Juan, Yang Yuzhang, et al. A preliminary study of the charred plants remains from the Zhengzhou Shang City site[J]. Jianghan Archaeology, 2018, (2):97-103. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHKG201802010.htm
[84] 中国社会科学院考古研究所.河南偃师商城商代早期王室祭祀遗址[J].考古, 2002, (7):6-8. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1016164549.htm
The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Early Shang sacrificial site in the Shang City at Yanshi, Henan[J]. Archaeology, 2002, (7):6-8. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1016164549.htm
[85] 王祁.晚商农业及其生产组织研究[D].北京: 中国社会科学院研究生院博士论文, 2017: 20-31.
Wang Qi. Agriculture and production organization of the late Shang Dynasty[D]. Beijing: The Doctor's Thesis of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2017: 20-31.
[86] 吴文婉, 张继华, 靳桂云.河南登封南洼遗址二里头到汉代聚落农业的植物考古证据[J].中原文物, 2014, (1):109-117. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/80471X/201401/48613010.html
Wu Wenwan, Zhang Jihua, Jin Guiyun. Carbonized plant remains of Erlitou to Han Dynasty from Nanwa site, Dengfeng County, Henan[J]. Cultural Relics of Central China, 2014, (1):109-117. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/80471X/201401/48613010.html
[87] 陈微微, 张居中, 蔡全法.河南新密古城寨城址出土植物遗存分析[J].华夏考古, 2012, (1):54-62. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/83083X/201201/41212256.html
Chen Weiwei, Zhang Juzhong, Cai Quanfa. Analysis of the plant remains from Guchengzhai City-site in Xinmi, Henan[J]. Huaxia Archaeology, 2012, (1):54-62. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/83083X/201201/41212256.html
[88] 陕西省考古研究院科技考古研究室. 2008-2017年陕西科技考古综述[J].考古与文物, 2018, (5):170-192. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7830.2018.05.007
Research Division of Archaeological Science, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology. Review of archaeological science research in Shaanxi(2008-2017)[J]. Archaeology and Cultural Relics, 2018, (5):170-192. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7830.2018.05.007
[89] 赵志军, 徐良高.周原遗址(王家嘴地点)尝试性浮选的结果及初步分析[J].文物, 2004, (10):89-96. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WENW200410010.htm
Zhao Zhijun, Xu Lianggao. Analysis and flotation results from Zhouyuan site(Wangjiazui)[J]. Cultural Relics, 2004, (10):89-96. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WENW200410010.htm
[90] Greenland D J. The Sustainability of Rice Farming[M]. New York:CAB International, 1997:141-147.
-
图(5)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数:
- PDF下载数:
- 施引文献: 0