1. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang;
2. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044;
4. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
Abstract：The Mid-Pleistocene Transition(MPT, approximately 1.2 Ma to 0.5 Ma) was marked by fundamental changes in Earth's climate state, where the low-frequency, high-amplitude, quasi-periodic(100-ka) glacial variability emerged and characterized the Later Pleistocene and Holocene. Previously published MPT records reveal that evidences from the marine realm are abundant and high-resolution. However, discontinuity and low-resolution of the continental MPT records mainly limited the practice of further researches from land area. Moreover, only a few studies have tried to explore diverse manifestations of the Middle Pleistocene climate transition by terrestrial deposits. Consequently, further work is needed to fully understand and explore characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for MPT recorded in terrestrial deposits. In South China, red earth has been recognized as an important definition of this area, as it is covered by red soil at a large scale. Especially, red earth in South China deposited during the Quaternary period and documented the evolution of regional environment, which has enormous potential to decipher the environmental changes across the MPT. Thus, we selected the JL red earth section(29°42'N, 116°02'E) located in Mount Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province as study section, where the depth of the section is about 18.46 m. A total of 920 samples were taken at 2 cm interval from the JL red earth sections for particle size, color and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Our principal aim is to investigate the manifestations and the main causal mechanisms of the MPT based on works of ESR dating and multi-proxies analyses. A more careful analysis of chronology of our section and other red earth section in South China suggests that the chronostratigraphic framework of JL red earth section can be estimated to span ca. 1200 ka to 233 ka. The multi-proxies analysis will be focused on Principal Component Analysis(PCA). Results of PCA analysis indicates that PCA F1 is a sensitive proxy for the degree of regional warming and cooling, which provides significant information for identifying the three MPT processes:early MPT(1200~738 ka), late MPT(738~536 ka) and post MPT(536~233 ka). Analyzing lithology of the typical Quaternary red earth sections in South China and the PCA F1 of JL red earth section shows that, during the early MPT, the average value of PCA F1 is 1.24 and vermiculated morphology of red earth sections is typical dense and thick, with clear stripes, which implying that the homochronous climate is warm and humid; during the late MPT, the average value of PCA F1 decreased to -0.31 with unconspicuous vermiculated characteristics, indicating a drier and cooler regional climate; during the post MPT, the average value of PCA F1 changed to -2.25 and maximum value of PCA F1 is about 0, when vermiculated morphology vanished and inversely yellowish-brown soil deposited, these evidences proved that regional climate deteriorated distinctly. However, the average value of global deep-sea oxygen isotope composition nearly maintained the same value from 1200 ka to 233 ka. Apparently the Pleistocene environment in South China recorded by JL red earth section failed to match changes in global ice volume, and after the MPT, preceding equilibrium state of regional climate system may be crossed, and the subsequent development of dry and cold climate marked that the regional environmental shifted irreversibly during this interval. The combination of our records and previous study suggests that increased global ice volume and global cooling and enhanced Siberian High Pressure integrally affected the evolution of environment in South China during the Pleistocene. In addition, the spatial distribution of MPT records in the East Asian region shows that wide-ranging aridification in the region may have exceeded the upper limit existed before the Middle Pleistocene.
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2020, Vol. 40 
