1. 西安交通大学全球变化研究院, 陕西 西安 710054;
2. 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710061;
3. 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004;
4. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 西部环境教育部重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
5. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 27568, Germany;
6. 同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室, 上海 200092;
7. 北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系, 北京 100871;
8. Department of Earth Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, California 90747, USA
European-Asian-African continent: An early form of supercontinent and supermonsoon
Cheng Hai1,2,3, Li Hanying1, Zhang Xu4,5, Zhang Haiwei1, Yi Liang6, Cai Yanjun1, Hu Yongyun7, Shi Zhengguo2, Peng Youbing1, Zhao Jingyao1, Gayatri Kathayat1, Ashish Sinha1,8
1. Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi;
2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi;
3. Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, Guangxi;
4. Key Laboratory of Western Chin's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu;
5. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 27568, Germany;
6. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092;
7. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871;
8. Department of Earth Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, California 90747, USA
Abstract：The assembled European, Asian and African continents, accounting more than half(ca. 56%) of the Earth's landmass, and the corresponding Afro-Asian monsoon-dry-region system may be viewed as the early forms of super-continent and supermonsoon-arid-zone system. A comprehensive understanding of the vast Afro-Asian monsoon-dry region system is important from both theoretical and socioeconomic standpoints. Additionally, this understanding may also provide an important "analog" to probe the climate variations in the Pangean supermonsoon-arid-zone system across the low to middle latitude of the Pangean supercontinent and its change in the context of the continental breakup. Myriad empirical records and modeling results show that Afro-Asian monsoon variations broadly follow the summer insolation changes, manifesting significant precession cycles with a nearly anti-phase relation between Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the orbital-scale climate variations of the Afro-Asian monsoon and the accompanied large atmospheric circulation in the Asian Westerly arid-zone are approximately in-phase at the precession band. The Afro-Asian monsoon-arid Westerlies climate variations also lead the global ice volume change at the precession band. We suggest that the dominant orbital rhythm is eccentricity-modulated precession cycles in monsoon-arid-zone systems including the Pangean supermonsoon-arid-zone system. Regarding climatic dynamics, it appears that the Afro-Asian monsoon-arid-zone system has substantial similarity with the monsoon-arid-zone systems companied with the continent evolution at different stages during the Pangean supercontinent breakup. As such, it is critical to understand the Quaternary climate dynamics of the Afro-Asian monsoon-arid-zone system, which may provide key insight into the similar climate systems in deep time when the climate records are largely fragmented.
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2020, Vol. 40 
