云南剑湖水体及表层沉积物氮、磷空间分布特征及对湖泊环境的影响

doi:10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2020.05.14

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摘要基于2019年5月在云南剑湖进行50个点位的野外调查和采样，分析了其水体与沉积物总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、总有机碳（TOC）、有机质（OM）含量及C/N等指标的空间分布特征及其污染状况。结果表明：剑湖水体TN、TP平均含量分别为0.64 mg/L、78.65 μg/L，在空间分布特征上均表现为西部 > 中部 ≥ 东部。利用内梅罗污染指数法分析表明，水污染评价指数均大于1，水体处于Ⅳ类。沉积物TN含量介于2148~9550 mg/kg，平均值为4609 mg/kg，其空间分布特征表现为西部 > 东部 ≥ 中部。沉积物中TP含量变化范围在757~1744 mg/kg，平均值为1223 mg/kg，其空间分布特征与TN类似。相关性分析结果表明，沉积物TN与TOC（r=0.929，p< 0.01）、OM（r=0.945，p< 0.01）之间显著正相关。综合污染指数表明，剑湖不同湖区沉积物富营养物质含量均达到重度污染程度，是潜在的N、P释放源，剑湖水体存在较大污染和富营养化风险。

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	冯仡哲
	张虎才
	常凤琴
	张扬
	陈杨
	田洋洋
	贺柳青
	刘柏妤

关键词 ：剑湖, 水体, 沉积物, 氮, 磷

Abstract：Eutrophication is one of the main ecological disasters faced by lakes. The overloading of nitrogen and phosphorus in water body directly increased the primary productivity of lake which caused eutrophication. Meanwhile, the nutrients cycling process in sediment indirectly affected the whole lake water ecosystem which formed important internal pollution. Therefore, it is very important to study the material circulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in water and sediment.
Lake Jianhu (26°28'42.66"~26°30'16.83"N, 99°54'46.51"~99°56'42.21"E) is the state-level ecological protection zone which located in Northwest of Yunnan Province, China. Furthermore, it is important for maintaining the regional ecological environmental function and biological biodiversity. In recent years, with the rapidly economic and social development of the catchment, Lake Jianhu has become the one of the most eutrophication lake in Yunnan which is the main factor for the decline of the ecological function and the reduction of the lake area and the enhancement of swampiness.
Based on the sampling of 50 sites and field investigation of Lake Jianhu in May 2019, the pollution condition and distribution which reflected by the environmental parameters including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM) and C/N ratios of water and sediment were analyzed with the technical method of ultraviolet spectrophotometer, azotometer, TOC tester, the ecological environmental hazards and pollution status were estimated, the pollution sources and influencing factors were investigated, the circulation and migration of nitrogen were discussed.
The results showed that the average contents of TN and TP of water were 0.64 mg/L and 78.65 μg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution was showed as follows:western base > eastern base > middle canter of the lake. Furthermore, the analyzing results of Nemerow Pollution Index method showed that pollution levels of water body were all higher than 1, and the water quality of Lake Jianhu was classed to level IV. The contents of TN in the sediments were ranged from 2148 mg/kg to 9550 mg/kg (with the average of 4609 mg/kg), and spatial distribution was still showed as follows:west > east > middle. The TP contents were ranged from 757 mg/kg to 1744 mg/kg (with the average of 1223 mg/kg) which were similar to spatial distribution of TN. The correlation analysis results showed a significant positive correlation between TN and TOC (r=0.929, p< 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between TN and OM (r=0.945, p< 0.01). The comprehensive pollution index calculated by the eutrophic content were all reached the serious levels which means the sediments materials of different lake areas were the potential releasing source of N and P. All of these results indicated that there was a greater risk of pollution and eutrophication in Lake Jianhu.

Key words： Lake Jianhu water body sediments TN and TP

收稿日期: 2019-12-20

PACS:	P941.78
	P592

基金资助:云南省领军人才项目（批准号：2015HA024）和云南省高端人才引进项目（批准号：2010CI111）共同资助

通讯作者: 常凤琴,E-mail:changfq@ynu.edu.cn E-mail: changfq@ynu.edu.cn

作者简介: 冯仡哲,男,26岁,硕士研究生,湖泊沉积与环境演化,E-mail:fengyz088@163.com

引用本文:

冯仡哲, 张虎才, 常凤琴, 张扬, 陈杨, 田洋洋, 贺柳青, 刘柏妤. 云南剑湖水体及表层沉积物氮、磷空间分布特征及对湖泊环境的影响[J]. 第四纪研究, 2020, 40(5): 1251-1263. Feng Yizhe, Zhang Hucai, Chang Fengqin, Chen Yang, Zhang Yang, Tian Yangyang, He Liuqing, Liu Baiyu. Spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and pollution assessment in Lake Jianhu， Yunnan Province. Quaternary Sciences, 2020, 40(5): 1251-1263.

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