Temporal and spatial variations and regional responses of abrupt climatic events since the last deglaciation are important contents of paleoclimate and environmental change research. However, there are few records of abrupt climatic events since the last deglaciation in arid Central Asia, especially the regional response of rapid warming process during the last deglaciation. Based on the analysis of carbonate content and grain size of borehole sediments in Sayram Lake (44°30'~44°42'N, 81°05'~81°15'E), a sub-alpine lake in the central part of the Western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, the records of climatic abrupt events and their regional response processes in arid Central Asia since the last deglaciation were discussed. In this study, a 300-cm sediment core was recovered at the depth of 86.0 m in the center of Sayram Lake. The core was sub-sampled at 2 cm intervals and a total of 149 carbonate content and grain size samples were analyzed throughout the record. The relationship between the carbonate content and grain size and the paleoenvironmental changes from Sayram Lake, Xinjiang was investigated. The record covers periods since 23.4 cal.ka B. P. to the present and is based on the analysis of 14 AMS radiocarbon ¹⁴C dates using bulk organic matter from the lake sediment. The average time resolution of 149 samples is 156 a, of which 23.4~16.6 cal.ka B. P. is 247 a, 16.6~8.6 cal.ka B. P. is 810 a and 8.6~0 cal.ka B. P. is 70 a. Carbonate in sediments of Sayram Lake mainly depends on the intense evaporation and concentration of lake water caused by high temperature in summer and the consumption of CO₂ in water by biological activities, which results in the formation of carbonate supersaturated precipitation. Therefore, the change of carbonate content indicates the variation of regional temperature. Carbonate content decreased significantly during the period of 17.4~15.2 cal.ka B. P., 12.6~11.7 cal.ka B. P., 10.6~10.3 cal.ka B. P., 8.4~8.0 cal.ka B. P., 6.0~5.4 cal.ka B. P., 4.4~4.0 cal.ka B. P., 3.0~2.7 cal.ka B. P. and 0.7~0.4 cal.ka B. P. indicating a decrease in temperature. These cold events correspond to Heinrich 1 (H1) and Younger Dryas (YD) cold events since the deglacial period, and 10.5 ka, 8.2 ka, 5.5 ka, 4.2 ka, 2.8 ka and Little Ice Age cold events since the Holocene respectively. A rapid increase in carbonate content during the period of 15.2~12.9 cal.ka B. P. indicated a rise in temperature, corresponding to Bølling-Allerød (B-A) warm events. The change of grain size of Sayram Lake directly reflects the change of lake level, and the increase of coarse grain content reflects the decrease of lake level and the drought of climate. The content of coarse grain increased significantly during 17.4~15.2 cal.ka B. P., 12.6~11.7 cal.ka B. P., 8.4~8.0 cal.ka B. P., 6.0~5.4 cal.ka B. P. and 4.4~4.0 cal.ka B. P., which were consistent with the indicators of the reduction of carbonate. It further supported the drought of climate and the decrease of lake level during the cold events of H1, YD, 8.2 ka, 5.5 ka and 4.2 ka. When the lake level reaches a certain depth, the grain size is slightly affected by abrupt climatic events. So, since 4.0 cal.ka B. P., the content of coarse grains has been relatively stable, and the change is not obvious, indicating that the climate is wet and the lake level rises during this period. In addition, the carbonate content and the percentage of coarse grain in 7.4 cal.ka B. P. and 6.8 cal.ka B. P. also indicated two obvious event records, reflecting the climate instability during this period. The above results are consistent with the existing records of climate abrupt events in the arid Central Asia. It shows that there is a similar evolution model of abrupt climate change in this area since the last deglaciation. At the same time, the consistency of these abrupt climatic events with high latitude ice cores and low latitude stalagmite records indicates that the abrupt climatic events have global impact and are controlled by the same genetic factors.